关于电视台的说明文450字（关于电视的说明文450字五年级）

专题01 阅读理解

命题分析

阅读理解在新课标全国卷高考英语试题中占30分(新高考全国卷满分37.5分)，是总分的五分之一及以上，其比重之大，很多考生的总分取决于阅读理解的得分，可想而知，得阅读者得英语。

我们首先来分析一下近六年（2016—2021年）阅读理解命题考点情况：

近六年高考全国卷阅读选材地道，贴近学生实际，体裁多样。强调关键能力考查，引导教学聚焦语用能力，回归语言本质，充分发挥高考育人功能。试卷结构和试题难度稳定，命题质量有提升。在选材上保持了知识性、趣味性强，信息量不是很大，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛的特点，彰显文化特色，考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。4篇文章按难度渐进排列，阅读总量1100-1200词（不含选项）之间，细节题多于推断题试题数量。

一、阅读理解之细节理解题

应试技巧

规律方法1： 如何解决事实细节题？

做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是关键词定位的方法。一般根据题干中的关键词，如时间，地点和人物等，在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词when / where / what / who / why / how (many)….来提问，或是判断正误。

规律方法2：如何解决细节转换题?

细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。

1. 语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异，可理解为同义改写，如原文出现30minutes，选项出现half an hour; 原文出现underground，选项则出现beneath the ground等。解答这类题目时可根据题干，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析，对比答案，一般正确答案是原文的同义改写，找出答案。

2. 图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用＂文字锁定法＂，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。

规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？

先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。

1. 仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。

2. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。

3. 运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。

规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？

做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。

真题回顾

典例一 (2021•全国乙卷，A)

The Biggest Stadiums in the World

People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best-known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.

These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.

For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.

All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.

·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.

·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.

·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.

·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.

·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.

21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?

A. 104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.

22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?

A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium. C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.

23. What do the listed stadiums have in common?

A. They host big games. B. They have become tourist attractions.

C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favored by architects.

【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上著名的大型竞技场的基本情况。目前这些竞技场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.” (然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。)可知，Circus Maximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的“Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened October 7, 1922.” (美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)及其他四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，Ohio Stadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.” (所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。故选A项。

典例二 (2021·全国甲卷，A)

A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.

1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?

A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.

2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?

A. They are winter images.

B. They are in black and white.

C. They show mountainous scenes.

D. They focus on snow—covered forests.

3. Where can the text be found?

A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.

【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view, the Landscape(风景）Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.”（ Take a view，年度风景摄影师奖是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd 和 Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。

未完。。。。。。

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