(1) er,ir,ur,通常读长音/ə:/.例如:term,her,girl,bird,nurse,hurt
(2) or在/w/之后也读/ə:/.在其他情况下读/:/例如:word,worker,world,worm,afford,corn,horse
(3) er,ir,ur,or在非重读音节里读短元音/ə/,如:river,farmer,teacher,doctor.
元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音
a
①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
②在闭音节中
1一般读作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
2后面字为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/
e
①在开音节中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese
②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite
②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
①在开音节中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no
②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
①在开音节中
1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。
②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch