用作主语的从句叫做主语从句,引导主语从句的关联词主要有三类:
1、从属连词that
That he finished the work in time surprised me.他准时完成了工作,让我吃惊
2、从属连词whether
Whether he‘ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚
3、连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever以及连接副词where,when,how,why
What she did is not yet our interest.她干了什么我们并不关心
When they will be back does not matter much.他们什么时候回来关系不大
有时候可以用形式主语it代替主语从句,就是将it放在句首,将主语从句放在句尾,以避免句子头重脚轻
It surprised me that he finished the work in time.他及时完成了工作,真让我吃惊
常用it做形式主语,而不将主语从句放在句首的句型主要有以下几种:
第一、It+be+形容词(obvious,ture,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable等)+that引导的主句从句
It is likely that the sport meets will be postponed until next week.很有可能运动会会延迟到下星期举行
第二、如果有主语从句的句子整体上是被动结构,句子常用形式主语的形式,这时句子的结构是:It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged等)+that引导的主语从句
It is decided that the action is canceled.已经均定取消行动
第三、It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+that引动的主语从句
It is a pity that you did not finish the job on time.真遗憾,你没有按时完成任务
第四、It+doesn't matter(make no difference等)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
It will not make any difference who raised the question.问题是谁提出的无关紧要
第五、当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置
Isn‘t it strange that he comes all by himself?他一个人来,不是很奇怪吗?
第六、全句如果是感叹句,必须用形式主语
What a surprise it is that he came out first.多么让人惊讶啊,他得了第一名
第七、It seems/appears/happens等+that从句
It appears that the drought in Kansas has become less serious.
但应该注意的是在what引导的主句从句表示“......东西”的时候,一般不用形式主语,而将主语从句放在句首,这时的what相当于“the thing (that)”
What you say may well be true.你说的可能是真的
What he needs is more time.他需要更多的时间