1.作用的区别
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分,起着限定,约束先行词的作用。如果去掉定语从句,主句的含义会不完整或不明确。
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不密切,起到附加说明的作用,如果去掉定语从句,主句的意义还相对完整。
The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests. 数字时代也使我们能够找到和我们有共同兴趣的人。(如果去掉定语从句主句含义不明确)
The book, which I bought yesterday, was written by Moyan.这本书是莫言写的,我是昨天买的。(如果去掉定语从句主句含义相对完整)
2.有无逗号的区别
限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。
3.关系词的区别
①限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时可以省略;非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时不可以省略。
He is a student who/whom/that the teachers like very much. 他是老师们非常喜欢的学生。(who/whom/that在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。)
The house, which I bought three years ago, has a very large yard. 这所房子是我三年前买的,有一个很大的院子。(which在定语从句中作宾语,不可以省略)

②限制性定语从句关系词可以用that;非限制性定语从句不可以使用that,指人时用who,指事物或情况时用which。
Mr Smith, who was my form teacher, visited my home last weekend. 史密斯先生上周末来我家了,他是我的班主任。(who指代Mr Smith,不可以用that)
The house, which I bought three years ago, has a very large yard.(which指代the house,不可以用that)
4.翻译方法的区别。限制性定语从句翻译为先行词的定语“...的”;非限制性定语从句通常把主句和从句翻译成并列句,先翻译主句,再翻译从句。
After graduation he left for Beijing, where he found a job. 毕业后他去了北京,在那里找到了一份工作。
November is a month when we have much snow. 十一月是有很多雪的月份。
5.关系词指代的区别
非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代整个主句或主句的一部分,也就是把整个主句或主句的一部分作为先行词,常用的关系词有as和which;而限制性定语从句不可以。
As we expected, the weather turned out to be fine. 正如我们所料,天气转晴了。(as指代the weather turned out to be fine.)
He won the race, which made us extremely happy. 他赢得了比赛,这使我们非常高兴。(which指代He won the race)
as和which指代整个主句,引导非限制性定语从句时的区别:
①位置的区别:as引导的定语从句位置灵活,可以在句首,句中和句末;which引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后。
②含义的区别:as表示“正如”的含义;which表示“这,或这一点”