开闭音节
一.开音节
1.相对开音节:辅音+元音+辅音(r除外)+不发音的e 。元音字母发它本身的音。
eg:bike, home,like
2.绝对开音节
绝对开音节:辅音+元音。 以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音,即它本身的读音。
eg:also,photo,no
二.闭音节
以元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾的音节叫闭音节。
闭音节结构可以分为:元音+辅音或元音+辅音+辅音。
重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的单词改变时态时要双写。
eg:forbid---forbidding (重读闭音节,双写)
prohibit---prohibiting (重读在第二音节,结尾音节非重读闭音节,不双写)
travel---travelled(traveled)(英式双写,美式不双写)
元音发音
a
①开音节 /eɪ/ name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
②闭音节
1一般读作 /æ/ bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
2后面字为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/
e
①开音节 /i:/ he,these,me,Chinese
②闭音节 /e/ bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
①开音节 /aɪ/ bike,drive,time,nice,kite
②闭音节 /ɪ/ fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
①开音节/əʊ//o/ those,close,go,hoe,home,no
②闭音节/ɒ//a/clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
①在开音节中
1./ju:/ student/u/,excuse,duty,Tuesday/u/
2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。
②闭音节 /ʌ/ bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a
①/w/音后面 /ɒ//a/ want,what,watch,wash,quality
②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i
在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high
o
①在-st,-ld前/əʊ//o/most,postcard,old,cold
②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother
r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ar
①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener
②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards
or
①/ɔ:/forty morning short
②/ɜ:/word worker worse
er,ir,ur
/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday
are
/eə/care,dare,hare
ere
/ɪə/here,mere
ire
/aɪə/fire,hire,wire
ore
/ɔ:/more,score,before
ure
/jʊə/pure,cure
-re
/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
ai,ay
/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost
③在f,m前/α:/half,calm
au,aw
/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw
ea
①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please
②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather
③/eɪ/break,great
ear
①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year
②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear
③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early
ee
/i:/jeep,week,green,three
eer
/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they
②/i:/seize,key
eu,ew
①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel
②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper
ie,ei
/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive
oa
/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football
ou,ow
①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down
②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though
③/ʌ/young,country,enough
④/u:/group,soup
our
①/ɔ:/ course,your,four
②/aʊə/our,hour,sour
③/ɜ:/journey
oul
/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)
ui
①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition
②/u:/juice,fruit,suit
注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节
,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如:carry,sorry,hurry。
②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,
例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
③ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。
元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a
/ə/ China,another,woman,breakfast
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate.
e
/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i
①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal
②/aɪ/exercise,satellite
o
①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome
②/əʊ/also,zero,photo
u
①/ə/autumn,difficult
②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January
③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,
例如:July,influence,February,issue。
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。
ai,ay,ei,ey
/ɪ/foreign,monkey
ow
/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。
例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
①/ʃən/impression,nation
②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion
③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion
-isle
/aɪl/aisle, Carlisle
-sten
/sən/listen
-stle
/sl/whistle
-sure
/ʒə/pleasure,measure
-ture
/tʃə/picture,culture